“One cannot Manage change One can only be Ahead of it”
Telecommunications is the growth Engine of the modern science & technology. Mobile network infrastructures are being deployed at a rapid place around the globe, with the capabilities and bandwidth to finally deliver human needs as per the requirement. This white paper will show a personal view on 5G networks, especiacially for Operators & services providers. The document has been separated in to 4 parts. Which deals with Evolution of Wireless technology, Latest 4G trends, Need for 5G? 5G-The NanoCore depiction. It will also illustrate the need for incorporation of Nanotechnology, Cloud computing, as well as All IP network to form a global NanoCore as a 5G network. Mentioned Design, Technologies, Dates, values, in this paper are just predication..
Introduction
We are living in era of convergence. Convergence is merging of technologies, domain and discrete IT systems. Basic of convergence lies in Digitization. The digitization of everything is creating a more natural communications experience. Boundaries separating various technologies, engineering practices, functions etc. are dissolving. So tomorrow, our car, our mobile phone, our home security system, our office, all the systems that surround us, will communicate with each other automatically to fill our environment with our preferences and our need to feel connected anywhere, anytime and with anyone, across the world. This is called Ubiquitous Computing paradigm.
Wireless technologies are going to take taking new dimension in our lives. The wireless broadband will soon become readily available to everybody while, being at home, driving the car, sitting in the park, and even on a pleasure boat in the middle of a lake. And because of this, our need to have information at anytime and to be connected at all places, all the time, will be satisfied. The world of universal, uninterrupted access to information, entertainment and communication will open new dimension to our lives and change our life style significantly.
This article is presenting vision of 5G network architecture, explaining concept of Ubiquitous computing, Super Core and Evolution of managed services. More Details...
Introduction
In 4G wireless communication systems, bandwidth is a precious commodity, and service providers are continuously met with the challenge of accommodating more users with in a limited allocated bandwidth. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique which provides an efficient means to handle high-speed data streams on a multipath fading environment that causes ISI. To eliminate ISI a cyclic prefix is added. But this can decrease bandwidth (BW) efficiency greatly .To decrease the BW waste brought by adding CP , wavelet based OFDM is proposed due its excellent orthogonality between subcarriers and spectral containment.
According to proposals of the IEEE 802.16.3, the PHY overhead for wavelet-based OFDM (DWT-OFDM) is less than that of Fourier based DFT-OFDM modulations, since it doesn't need CP. Traditionally, OFDM cyclic prefix of 20% or more are typical for wireless transmission thus giving Wavelet OFDM an advantage of roughly 20% in bandwidth (BW) efficiency. Also in the literature, proposed using a DCT rather than a DFT, to implement MCM, because of the bandwidth advantage a DCT- based system can achieve More Details...
Introduction CALEA: Communications Assistance Law Enforcement Agency
In response to concerns that emerging technologies such as digital and wireless communications were making it increasingly difficult for law enforcement agencies to execute authorized surveillance, Congress enacted CALEA on October 25, 1994. CALEA was intended to preserve the ability of law enforcement agencies to conduct electronic surveillance by requiring that telecommunications carriers and manufacturers of telecommunications equipment modify and design their equipment, facilities, and services to ensure that they have the necessary surveillance capabilities. Common carriers, facilities-based broadband Internet access providers, and providers of interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service - all three types of entities are defined to be "telecommunications carriers" for purposes of CALEA section 102, 47 U.S.C. § 1001 - must comply with the CALEA obligations set forth in CALEA section 103, 47 U.S.C. § 1002 More Details...
The primary objective of this research is to discuss about the 3rd Generation Wireless Networks, their evolution/migration from 2G and/or other pre-3G technologies to 3G Technology, Spectrum Allocation and Licensing Policies, and the deployment strategies involved. In this paper, 3G would be referred to as IMT-2000 systems in most of the places, the context of which would be provided in detail later in this paper.
Introduction/Evolution of Cellular Telephony
The First generation (1G) Cellular Mobile Services was developed with the invention of the microprocessor and the digitization of the control link between the cell phone and the cell site, in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These analog cellular systems were developed based on the Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS)-a system which was launched by Bell Systems, in the 1960s with an aim to introduce direct dialing and higher bandwidth.
Second generation (2G) Cellular Mobile Systems was simply advancement over the First Generation Systems, when the analog systems got replaced with the Digital Systems. These systems digitized the control link as well as showed lots of improvements in the Voice Signal. They were developed during the end of 1980s. With this, achievement over better quality and higher capacity was introduced alongwith lower cost to consumers. Advanced security and roaming got introduced. The 2G systems (or so called Pre-IMT 2000 Networks) have been extensively deployed almost in the entire world and have evolved significantly over the years to offer improved performance and capabilities, especially for data services- introduced by EDGE, GPRS (so called 2.5G Networks).
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Overview
Over the last few years, there has been increasing demands for accessing the Internet over the mobile devices. To address this, the wireless telecommunication industry has been striving hard to define a new air interface for mobile communications to provide a framework for high mobility broadband services and increase the overall system capacity; reducing latency; and improving spectral efficiency and cell-edge performance.
Introduction
The communication industry has been formulating new standards to efficiently deliver high speed broadband mobile access in a single air interface and network architecture at low cost to operators and end users. Two standards, IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) and 3GPP LTE are leading the pack towards forming the next-generation of mobile network standards.
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Abstract
The new era of communication, currently employed in some parts of the world, is Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX). It is the latest technology
which is approved by IEEE 802.16 group, which is a standard for point-to-multipoint wireless networking. Wimax vision is to deliver "last mile" broadband connectivity to home or business locations, also its data rates are comparable with Cable and Digital Subscriber line (DSL) rates. It has the capability whichconnects to the ISP (Internet Service Provider) even when you are roaming outside home or office. The Wimax technology is becoming the
way to avert the impending crisis of rural connectivity i.e. it will be accessible till the last mile. This paper explains about the purpose of Wimax, the study of Wimax systems, its implications and applications and its wireless capabilities.
Introduction - The Road of WiMax
Imagine a technology that can reach even into he remote areas or the suburbs where the access to power plants is even difficult. This innovation technology will provide transfer rates of multiple Megabits to the users within a range of several kilometers. As we know the demand for wireless has raised rapidly from 5.7 million in 2002 to 200 million in 2006. The global Wimax market is growing at the rate of 30% per year and is expected to touch $2.8 billion by 2009 from the present $ 600 million. The number of Wimax users is forecasted to each 14.9 million in 2009. Wimax based solutions are more flexible and secured. They provide an outstanding service and are very much cost effective. Topologies of urban and suburban areas can be controlled by this technology. Wimax technology is 30 times faster than the third generation and 100 times faster than the wireless data rates.
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Abstract
It is widely known that the telecom industry is the hub of innovation starting from the early days of Bell Labs, and that these companies garner a substantial number of patents every year. However, there is little in terms of research on the effect of patents on the revenues and stock prices of respective telecom companies. This paper investigates the effect of patents (granted) on the sales revenues and stock prices of the top three telecom companies in the US.
Model
It is widely known that the telecom industry is the hub of innovation starting from the early days of Bell Labs, and that these companies garner a substantial number of patents every year. However, there is little in terms of research on the effect of patents on the revenues and stock prices of respective telecom companies. This paper investigates the effect of patents (granted) on the sales revenues and stock prices of the top three telecom companies in the US.
The number of patents (and the lagged numbers from prior four years)
The regression equation is given below for estimating the sales revenue based on the number of patents for the current year and those granted in the previous four years.
